Thyroid Disorders in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Study on Their Effect on Glycemic Control
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Abstract
Background: Thyroid disorders are common endocrine conditions that frequently coexist with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Thyroid dysfunction, whether hypo- or hyperthyroidism, can significantly affect glycemic control, complicating diabetes management. Objective: To assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders among patients with T2DM and evaluate their impact on glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 452 Type 2 diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital over 12 months from January 2019 to December 2020. Thyroid function tests, HbA1c levels, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured. Patients were categorized based on their thyroid status: euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 24.8% of T2DM patients, with hypothyroidism being more prevalent (18.4%) than hyperthyroidism (6.4%). Patients with thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, exhibited significantly higher HbA1c levels compared to euthyroid patients (p<0.05). Glycemic control was poorer among those with abnormal thyroid profiles. Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are highly prevalent among patients with T2DM and are associated with poorer glycemic control. Routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients may be essential for optimizing glycemic management and preventing complications.
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